{"id":1851,"date":"2026-11-13T02:20:15","date_gmt":"2026-11-13T02:20:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dglaw.co.id\/?p=1851"},"modified":"2026-11-13T07:04:45","modified_gmt":"2026-11-13T07:04:45","slug":"panduan-due-diligence-akuisisi-merger","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dglaw.co.id\/zh\/panduan-due-diligence-akuisisi-merger\/","title":{"rendered":"Due Diligence, Akuisisi &#038; Merger: Membaca Risiko Sebelum Transaksi"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"section-1\">\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c3d\u804c\u8c03\u67e5\u5ba1\u67e5\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p>\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c3d\u804c\u8c03\u67e5\uff08LDD\uff09\u5728\u6295\u8d44\u3001\u878d\u8d44\u6216\u91cd\u7ec4\u524d\u5ba1\u67e5\u516c\u53f8\u6216\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u8bc6\u522b\u91cd\u5927\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5904\u7406\u63aa\u65bd\u843d\u5b9e\u5230\u4ea4\u6613\u51b3\u7b56\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002LDD\u5e94\u4e0e\u8d22\u52a1\u3001\u7a0e\u52a1\u53ca\u8fd0\u8425\u8c03\u67e5\u7ed3\u5408\u8003\u8651\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8c03\u67e5\u53ef\u91c7\u7528\u5168\u9762\u3001\u9650\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u805a\u7126\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7ea2\u65d7\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u6216\u7531\u5356\u65b9\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u5356\u65b9\u5c3d\u8c03\u3002\u5ba1\u67e5\u8fb9\u754c\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u671f\u95f4\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u83b7\u53d6\u6743\u9650\u53ca\u5bf9\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u9648\u8ff0\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e94\u4e8b\u5148\u4e66\u9762\u660e\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section-2\">\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u98ce\u9669\u8981\u70b9<\/h2>\n<div class=\"dgl-table-scroll\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Tabel perbandingan\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">\u9886\u57df<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u5ba1\u67e5\u91cd\u70b9<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u516c\u53f8\u4e0e\u8bb8\u53ef<\/td>\n<td>\u5951\u636e\u3001AHU\u767b\u8bb0\u3001\u80a1\u4e1c\u540d\u518c\u3001NIB\u3001KBLI\u53ca\u884c\u4e1a\u8bb8\u53ef\uff1a\u6838\u5bf9\u6743\u9650\u3001\u6240\u6709\u6743\u4e0e\u7ecf\u8425\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8d44\u4ea7\u4e0e\u5408\u540c<\/td>\n<td>\u571f\u5730\u6743\u5229\u3001\u62c5\u4fdd\u3001\u79df\u8d41\u3001\u8d37\u6b3e\u548c\u91cd\u5927\u5408\u540c\uff1a\u6838\u67e5\u4e89\u8bae\u53ca\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u53d8\u66f4\u6761\u6b3e\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u503a\u52a1\u4e0e\u4e89\u8bae<\/td>\n<td>\u7a0e\u52a1\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u3001\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3001\u73af\u5883\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\uff1a\u8bc6\u522b\u5c1a\u672a\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"section-3\">\u533a\u5206\u6536\u8d2d\u3001\u5438\u6536\u5408\u5e76\u4e0e\u65b0\u8bbe\u5408\u5e76<\/h2>\n<div class=\"dgl-table-scroll\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Tabel perbandingan\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">\u7ed3\u6784<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">\u4e3b\u8981\u6548\u679c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u80a1\u6743\u6536\u8d2d<\/td>\n<td>\u76ee\u6807\u516c\u53f8\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ecd\u987b\u5ba1\u67e5\u5176\u503a\u52a1\u548c\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u5370\u5c3c\u516c\u53f8\u6cd5\u6240\u79f0\u6536\u8d2d\u6d89\u53ca\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5438\u6536\u5408\u5e76<\/td>\n<td>\u516c\u53f8\u5e76\u5165\u73b0\u6709\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u8d44\u4ea7\u4e0e\u8d1f\u503a\u4f9d\u9002\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u65b0\u8bbe\u5408\u5e76<\/td>\n<td>\u8bbe\u7acb\u65b0\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u539f\u516c\u53f8\u6309\u89c4\u5b9a\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u8d44\u4ea7\u6536\u8d2d\u4e0e\u80a1\u6743\u6536\u8d2d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u540e\u679c\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5e94\u660e\u786e\u8f6c\u8ba9\u8d44\u4ea7\u3001\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u540c\u610f\u3001\u5408\u540c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u3001\u7a0e\u52a1\u3001\u5458\u5de5\u5b89\u6392\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u8bb8\u53ef\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section-4\">\u5c06\u8c03\u67e5\u53d1\u73b0\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4<\/h2>\n<p>\u7f16\u5236\u6267\u884c\u6458\u8981\u3001\u7f3a\u5931\u6587\u4ef6\u6e05\u5355\u53ca\u98ce\u9669\u77e9\u9635\u3002\u8c03\u67e5\u53d1\u73b0\u53ef\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u5356\u65b9\u9648\u8ff0\u4e0e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3001\u8d54\u507f\u3001\u6258\u7ba1\u6216\u4ef7\u683c\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\u610f\u89c1\u4e66\u5e94\u5728\u59d4\u6258\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u53e6\u884c\u7ea6\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section-5\">\u516c\u53f8\u5ba1\u6279\u4e0eKPPU\u5ba1\u67e5<\/h2>\n<p>\u6309\u4ea4\u6613\u8def\u5f84\u68b3\u7406\u516c\u53f8\u5185\u90e8\u6279\u51c6\u3001\u516c\u544a\u3001\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u3001\u5458\u5de5\u901a\u77e5\u3001\u516c\u8bc1\u5951\u636e\u53caAHU\u548cOSS\u66f4\u65b0\u3002KPPU\u7533\u62a5\u4e49\u52a1\u987b\u7ed3\u5408\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u3001\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u76f8\u5173\u96c6\u56e2\u8d44\u4ea7\u6216\u9500\u552e\u989d\u53ca\u9002\u7528\u89c4\u5219\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u4f9d\u636e\u4ea4\u6613\u4ef7\u683c\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section-6\">\u5efa\u7acb\u8d44\u6599\u5ba4\u524d\u7684\u6e05\u5355<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u51c6\u5907\u4e70\u65b9\u53ca\u76ee\u6807\u516c\u53f8\u8d44\u6599\u3001\u96c6\u56e2\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u80a1\u4e1c\u540d\u518c\u3001\u4ea4\u6613\u76ee\u6807\u4e0e\u8ba1\u5212\u65f6\u95f4\u8868\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6c47\u603b\u8bb8\u53ef\u3001\u91cd\u5927\u5408\u540c\u3001\u503a\u52a1\u3001\u62c5\u4fdd\u3001\u8d44\u4ea7\u3001\u4e89\u8bae\u4ee5\u53ca\u96c6\u56e2\u8d44\u4ea7\u548c\u9500\u552e\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u660e\u786e\u6587\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u4fdd\u5bc6\u5b89\u6392\u3001\u7b54\u7591\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u53ca\u8de8\u4e13\u4e1a\u5ba1\u67e5\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"section-7\">Paket dokumen dari penawaran sampai penutupan transaksi<\/h2>\n<div class=\"dgl-table-scroll\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Tabel panduan\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">Tahap<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Dokumen \/ keputusan<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Tujuan<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Sebelum pemeriksaan<\/td>\n<td>NDA, term sheet, daftar permintaan dokumen, struktur grup dan data room.<\/td>\n<td>Menentukan kerahasiaan, akses, lingkup dan pihak yang bertanggung jawab.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pemeriksaan<\/td>\n<td>Akta\/AHU, saham, izin, aset, kontrak, pekerja, perkara dan kewajiban.<\/td>\n<td>Menghubungkan fakta dengan risiko transaksi; melibatkan pemeriksa keuangan\/pajak sesuai kebutuhan.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Perundingan<\/td>\n<td>SPA atau dokumen transaksi, syarat pendahuluan, jaminan, indemnity dan mekanisme pembayaran.<\/td>\n<td>Mengalokasikan risiko dan menetapkan bukti pemenuhan sebelum closing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Penutupan &#038; tindak lanjut<\/td>\n<td>Akta, persetujuan, pembayaran, daftar saham, AHU, pemilik manfaat, OSS dan izin sektoral.<\/td>\n<td>Menuntaskan peralihan dan memelihara kepatuhan sesudah transaksi.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"section-8\">Contoh temuan dan respons yang dapat dipertimbangkan<\/h2>\n<div class=\"dgl-table-scroll\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Tabel panduan\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">Temuan<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">\u8ddf\u8fdb<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Saham atau kewenangan tidak konsisten<\/td>\n<td>Rekonsiliasi akta, daftar saham dan AHU; jangan hanya mengandalkan satu dokumen.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Aset dijaminkan \/ kontrak memuat perubahan pengendalian<\/td>\n<td>Periksa persetujuan kreditor atau mitra, pelepasan jaminan dan dampaknya pada jadwal.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Izin tidak mencakup kegiatan target<\/td>\n<td>Tentukan koreksi izin, batas operasional dan apakah pemenuhannya menjadi syarat pendahuluan.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kewajiban pajak atau perkara belum pasti<\/td>\n<td>Pemeriksaan khusus, pencadangan atau pengaturan ganti rugi berdasarkan pembuktian.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"section-9\">KPPU: nilai transaksi bukan satu-satunya ukuran<\/h2>\n<p>PP 57\/2010 dan Peraturan KPPU 3\/2023 menjadi rujukan pemeriksaan notifikasi. Penilaian mencakup perubahan pengendalian, afiliasi, aset atau penjualan kelompok usaha yang relevan, hubungan dengan Indonesia, tanggal efektif yuridis serta pengecualian. Jangan menguji kewajiban hanya dari harga saham atau persentase kepemilikan.<\/p>\n<p>Tenggat dan ambang harus dihitung terhadap struktur transaksi yang sebenarnya. Persetujuan regulator sektoral, kepentingan pekerja dan hak kreditor juga perlu masuk ke jadwal transaksi. Hindari menetapkan tanggal closing sebelum kebutuhan persetujuan dipetakan.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section-10\">Kuesioner awal transaksi<\/h2>\n<div class=\"dgl-prep-list\"><label><input type=\"checkbox\"><span>Jenis transaksi: saham, aset, merger, peleburan atau pemeriksaan mandiri.<\/span><\/label><label><input type=\"checkbox\"><span>Identitas pembeli, target, pemilik manfaat dan struktur grup sebelum\/sesudah transaksi.<\/span><\/label><label><input type=\"checkbox\"><span>Tujuan transaksi, perkiraan harga, skema pembayaran dan tanggal target.<\/span><\/label><label><input type=\"checkbox\"><span>Aset serta penjualan grup yang relevan di Indonesia.<\/span><\/label><label><input type=\"checkbox\"><span>Pinjaman, jaminan, sengketa, izin sektoral dan kontrak material.<\/span><\/label><label><input type=\"checkbox\"><span>Daftar dokumen yang belum tersedia dan PIC klarifikasi.<\/span><\/label><\/div>\n<p><small>Checklist ini dapat digunakan saat membaca atau dicetak. Pilihan tidak dikirim dan tidak disimpan oleh halaman ini.<\/small><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section-11\">Pertanyaan yang sering diajukan<\/h2>\n<details class=\"dgl-guide-faq\">\n<summary>Apakah akuisisi saham menghapus utang perusahaan target?<\/summary>\n<p>Tidak. Target tetap menjadi badan hukum dengan aset dan kewajibannya. Temuan perlu ditangani dalam struktur dan dokumen transaksi.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"dgl-guide-faq\">\n<summary>Apakah hasil LDD menjamin tidak ada risiko?<\/summary>\n<p>Tidak. Laporan harus menjelaskan cakupan, periode, dokumen, asumsi dan keterbatasan pemeriksaan. Dokumen yang tidak tersedia merupakan temuan yang perlu ditindaklanjuti.<\/p>\n<\/details>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e86\u89e3\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u4ea4\u6613\u4ef7\u683c\u3001\u5ba1\u6279\u548c\u7ecf\u8425\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4ea4\u6613\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u6cd5\u5f8b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1894,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[72],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1851","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-korporasi"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Due Diligence, Akuisisi &amp; 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